Objective To observe the efficacy of Jianpikaiwei ointment(JPKWO) in the treatment of infantile anorexia with syndrome of food retention due to spleen deficiency. Methods 110 children with infantile anorexia were randomly divided into control group (n=55) and observation group (n=55). The control group was given Jianweixiaoshi tablet, and the observation group was given JPKWO. The curative effect, body mass and clinical symptom scores of the two groups were observed before and after 4 weeks. Results The effective rate of the control group was 76.92%, and that of the observation group was 92.45%. There was significant difference in the effective rate between the two groups(P<0.05). The scores of primary and secondary clinical symptoms in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The body mass of children in the observation group increased significantly after treatment, which was significantly better than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion JPKWO can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and increase the body mass of infantile anorexia with syndrome of food retention due to spleen deficiency.