Objective To investigate the levels of IL-10 and IL-1β in related organs(kidney, heart, brain, liver, spleen, lung, large intestine, bladder) of the insomnia rat model with kidney not storing will. Methods A total of 16 male SD rats of SPF grade were randomly divided into model group and normal group, the rats of model group underwent subcutaneous injection in the neck back using D-galactose combined with PCPA to construct a insomnia model rat of kidney not storing will, the normal rats were normally raised during the same period, the rats were sacrificed on the 46th day, then were harvested, and the relevant visceral tissues of the rats in the two groups were detected for the differences in the expression level of IL-10 and IL-1β by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results (1) Compared with the normal rats, the model rats showed increased wakefulness time (P<0.05), NREM (1, 2) phase and REM phase shortened (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in NREM(3, 4) phase(P>0.05), indicating that the kidney not storing will insomnia model rats were constructed successfully; (2) Compared with the normal group, the rats in the model group showed longer sleep latency and shorter sleep time (P<0.05); (3) The expression levels of IL-10 in the kidney, brain, lung, and large intestine tissues of the model rats were decreased compared with those in the normal group(P<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-1β were increased (P<0.05)， and the most significant changes were in brain tissue (P<0.0001), there were no significant differences in the expression levels of IL-10 and IL-1β in liver, heart, spleen, and bladder tissues between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression levels of IL-10 in the kidney, brain, lung, and large intestine tissues of the insomnia rat model with kidney not storing will were decreased compared with those of normal rats, whereas the expression levels of IL-1β were increased compared with those of normal rats; the differential expression level of IL-10 and IL-1β in kidney, brain, lung, and large intestine tissues of the insomnia rat model with kidney not storing will may be one of the characteristic changes of the inflammatory cytokines in kidney not storing will insomnia..