Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of the traditional Wa medicine niang-mu-liang medicated wine on erectile dysfunction (ED) in rats and its impact on apoptotic signaling pathway. Methods A total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham, model, white wine, sildenafil, niang-mu-liang low-dose, and niang-mu-liang high-dose. ED model was established using bilateral ligation of the internal iliac arteries. The treatment lasted for 28 days in each group. After the treatment, the APO experiment was conducted to measure the testicular and epididymal mass and organ indexes, sperm concentration, and sperm viability in each group of rats. HE staining was performed on the penile corpus cavernosum and testicular tissues of the rats. The levels of NO and cGMP in the penile corpus cavernosum tissue were measured using biochemical assay kits and ELISA. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the penile corpus cavernosum tissue was detected using Western blot analysis. Results Compared to the model group, the sildenafil and niang-mu-liang interventions significantly increased the number of erections, as well as the testicular and epididymal mass and indexes, sperm count, and sperm viability in the ED rats. The histological morphology of the penile corpus cavernosum and testicular tissues showed significant improvement. The levels of NO and cGMP in the penile corpus cavernosum tissue were increased. Additionally, the protein expression levels of Bax/Bcl-2, cleaved-caspase3, and cleaved-caspase9 were decreased. Conclusion Niang-mu-liang can improve erectile function in ED rats by inhibiting the apoptotic signaling pathway.