As a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) seriously affects the quality of life and health status of elderly men, and has become a health problem that researchers focus on. However, the etiology of BPH is complex, the pathogenesis is not clear, and there are various ways of treatment. Therefore, this article will discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of BPH from the aspects of traditional Chinese and western medicine, in order to explore the current situation of clinical research on benign prostatic hyperplasia, and put forward problems and prospects, so as to provide some references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of BPH in the future.