As a traditional ethnic medicine, Murraya tetramera Huang contains components such as volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, and coumarins, which exhibit multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, insecticidal, and antitumor activities. This article provides a brief overview of the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, and potential toxicity of M. tetramera Huang. It suggests that further in-depth research is warranted to explore its pharmacological substance foundation, mechanism of action, and chronic toxicity. The systematic exploration of the functional characteristics of M. tetramera Huang and their application in the development of innovative drugs is of significant importance in enhancing the added value of M. tetramera Huang products and expanding their application fields.