Objective To investigate the significance of the tonifying sleep and kidney treatment in those patients with chronic aplastic anemia through the peripheral levels and clinical significance of Th17 ，IL-17，IL-6 . Methods Collect 70 patients with CAA and devided them into the treatment group and control group . The treatment group was devided into PISHENYINXU group and PISHENYANGXU group and treated them with the the tonifying sleep and kidney treatment . ELISA assay was used to determine the serum levels of IL-17， IL-6 of 70 patients with CAA and FCM was used to detect the Th17. Results The levels of Th17 and IL-17 in CAA were higher than those in normal group（P<0. 05）. The levels of Th17 and the related cytokines in PISHENYANGXU group and the level of IL-6 in PISHENYINXU group declined. The level of Th17 in normal group declined（P<0. 05）. Conclusion The tonifying sleep and kidney treatment menthod may have effect on Th17 and the related cytokines.