Objective To study the distribution of diabetes and non-diabetic hemodialysis patients’ TCM syndrome. Methods Collected 80 cases of hemodialysis patients， analyzed the patients’ TCM syndrome when they enter hemodialysis three months later. Results Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome is the mainly primary syndrome of the diabetic group. Spleen-kidney Qi deficiency syndrome is the mainly primary syndrome of the non-diabetic group， and then the Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome is the second primary syndrome. The blood stasis syndrome is the mainly concomitant syndrome of the diabetic group， the dampness pathogen syndrome is the mainly concomitant syndrome of the non-diabetic group. The level of hemoglobin， serum albumin and Kt/V was lower in diabetes group than in non-diabetic group（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Qi and Yin deficiency is common seen in Diabetic nephropathy patients， blood stasis syndrome is very prominent. Various laboratory dates are lower than non-diabetic patients. Diabetic patients with end stage renal disease should start dialysis treatment as soon as possible.