Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the tonifying kidney treatment in those patients with aplastic anemia and the effect to the peripheral levels of Th17 /Treg cell-associated transcription factors. Methods Collect 91 patients with CAA and divided them into the treatment group and control group. The treatment group was divided into SHENYINXU group， SHENYANGXU group and SHENYINYANGLIANGXU group treated them with method of tonifying kidney. 30 patients were divided to control group and count the effective rate. RT-PCR was used to test the serum levels of FOXP3mRNA， IL-17AmRNA， ROR-γ tmRNA Before and after treatment. Results After treatment， the effect of symptoms and signs of treatment group was better than that in the control group. After treatment， the level of ROR-γt mRNA In treatment group was lower than after treatment and the FOXP3 mRNA was higher. the level of IL-17a mRNA in control group decreaced after treatment. Th17 /Treg cell-associated transcription factors in different SHENXU groups varified after treatment. There was no significant decrease in The level of IL-17a mRNA in SHENYINXU group. Conclusion The method of BUSHEN in the CAA increased The effect of symptoms and signs. The effect of BUSHEN may rise by the Th17 /Treg cell-associated transcription factors.