Objective To explore the effects of Erxian Decoction and its disassembled on microenvironment in which sperm become mature of mice with kidney yang deficiency. Methods 60 male ICR mice were randomly selected 10 as the blank control group， the other 50 mice by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate 25mg/（kg·d）， continued for 2 weeks， making model of kidney yang deficiency. After the success of modeling， the mice were randomly divided into 5 groups：model group， Erxian decoction side group， warm the kidney and nourish essence of life group， nourishing Yin group， regulating Chong and Ren group， 10 rats in each group， the model group， the control group were given with distilled water， whle other groups were given corresponding Chinese medicine decoction gavage， to give the corresponding dose according to body weight， 2 times a day， for 21 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 24h after withdrawal， P34H epididymis protein expression in each group were detected by immunohisto chemistry， peroxidase 6（Prdx6） expression was detected by Western Blot peroxidase. Results The syndrome of kidney yang deficiency mice epididymis P34H， the expression level of Prdx6 was significantly lower than the control group， there was significant difference between the groups（P<0.05）， the expression of Er Xian Decoction of whole group， warm the kidney and nourish essence of life group was significantly higher than that in model group， there was significant difference between the groups（P<0.05）， regulating Chong and Ren group， Yin group and model group， the expression of the differences between groups had no statistical significance （P>0.05）. Conclusion Erxian Decoction and its disassembled prescriptions can affect the kidney yang deficiency mice epididymis P34H， Prdx6 expression， thereby affecting the sperm maturation， in which Erxian Decoction and warm the kidney and nourish essence of life group are most obvious fine groups.