Objective To study on the pharmacognostic identification of Epilobium angustifolium L.. Methods Pharmacognosy characters， microscopic， physicochemical identification and TLC were used. Results Cortical cells of root cross-section contain calcium oxalate crystals； the cortex is visible； xylem of stem is wide， accounting for 2/3 of the entire cross-section； pith peripheral cells are quasi-round， mostly central hollow. Leaf medial vein is collateral vascular bundle with crescent shape. Unicellular non-glandular hairs， a number of calcium oxalate crystals and a 3-hole groove pollen are the main characters found in the powder of whole herb. Chromatographic spots of three medicinal materials from different places are clear and well separated in TLC. Conclusion All above mentioned results can provide a theoretical basis for the identification of medicinal materials of Epilobium angustifolium L. ， the development of quality standards and its’ further study and utilization.