Objective To observe the influence of the Polygonum Cuspidatum（PC） decoction on Acute Lung Injury（ALI） of TNF-α， IL-1 beta expression in LPS induced Wistar rat， and to explore The PC decoction for the treatment of Acute Lung Injury. Methods 60 Wistar rats randomly divided into 6 groups， each group of 10， respectively， blank control group， model control group， hormone control， PC low， medium and high dose group. Building before 12 h and 24 h， 12 h， 24 h and after building 36 h respectively to the blank control group and model control group to 0.9% saline 8 ml/kg one time to fill the stomach； Hormone control group to prednisone 6.25 mg/kg lavage. PC low， medium and high dose group respectively for the giant knotweed decoction of 2.6 g/kg， 5.2 g/kg， 13 1 g/kg to fill the stomach by the way. Building to be put to death in the rat after 48 h， collecting samples， measured and pathological biopsy. With ELISA method to detect ALI rats bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF） and lung tissue of TNF-α， IL-1β. Results PC low， medium and high dose group of concentration of TNF-αare （112.6±3.2）pg/mL、 （110.9±4.0）pg/mL、 （108.9±3.4）pg/mL， IL-1βconcentration for（122.4±3.9）pg/mL、 （118.7±2.8）pg/mL、 （117.2±2.3）pg/mL， compared with model control group， except for the PC low dose group of IL-1βconcentration has no obvious change（P>0.05）， the rest were significantly lower（P<0.01 or P<0.05） in BALF； PC low， medium and high dose group of TNF-αconcentration in the lung tissue（81.9±3.9）pg/mL、 （77.3±6.4）pg/mL、 （76.6±2.9）pg/mL， IL-1βconcentration respectively（66.7±6.1）pg/mL、 （65.1±1.9）pg/mL、 （62.8±3.8）pg/mL， compared with model control group， except for the PC low dose group of IL-1βconcentration has no obvious change（P>0.05）， were significantly lower（P<0.01 or P<0.05）. Conclusion The PC decoction can inhibit the production of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β， it could be a PC mechanism of decoction in treatment of acute lung injury.