Objective To investigate the inhibition of Alcohol extract of fibrous root part of Bletilla striata（AEFB） on proliferation and metastasis ability of A549 cells and to study their preliminary mechanism further. Methods MTs、Hoechst-PI staining and Flow cytometry were used to study the effects of proliferation， apoptosis by AEFB. The effect of AEFB on A549 cell migration in two dimensions， the influence of AEFB on the expression of bcl-2， bax， and ICAM-1 gene in A549 cell was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results We found that AEFB not only can inhibit the growth of A549 cell but also induce the cell apoptosis in dose and time dependent manner. With the increase of AEFB concentration， the expression of bcl-2， ICAM-1 gene were down-regulated and the expression of bax gene were up-regulated. Conclusion AEFB could inhibit the growth of A549 significantly， and has a significant role in promoting tumor cell apoptosis， and inhibit tumor cell migration. The mechanism may be related to decrease of bcl-2， ICAM-1 gene expression and increase bax gene expression.