Objective To improve the pharmacopoeia TLC method and establish the HPLC fingerprints of chemical constituents in Bletilla striata to provide the basis for its quality control. Methods The samples of Bletilla striata were treated with the ultrasonic extracting. A mixed solution containing CHCl3-MeOH-H2O（6∶0.5∶0.05） was used as developing agent with ascending manner， and citronellal was used as the color reagent. Thermo Acclaim 120 C18 column（250mm×4.6mm， 5μm） was used with acetonitrile and water as mobile phase in a gradient mode at the flow rate of 1. 0mL/min. The detection wavelength was 270 nm and the temperature of column was set at 25℃. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM was applied to analysis different batches of Bletilla striata. samples. Results The improved TLC method had the advantages of easy operation， good isolation effects and coloration effects. The HPLC characteristic fingerprint of Bletilla striata has been established. Eleven mutual peaks were selected as the fingerprint peaks in 10 batches sample and similarities were all above 0.95. Conclusion This method is easy and reliable which can be used to judge the habitat and control the quality of Bletilla striata.