Objective To observe the effects of Jiajian Guipi decoction combined chalybeate on the hemoglobin， reticulocyte count and TCM syndrome of anemia of prematurity. Methods Based on the inclusive and exclude criteria， 81 anaemic prematurity with heart-spleen deficiency syndrome at the pediatric clinic were chosen through convenient sampling and divided into treatment group and control group via a random number table. Treatment group had 41 children and control group had 39 children. Treatment group received Jiajian Guipi decoction therapy based on chalybeate cure， control group only received chalybeate cure. All cases had 3 courses of treatment and every course had 4 weeks. The hemoglobin， reticulocyte count and TCM syndrome were evaluated before the treatment and after every course finished. Results After 8 weeks and 12 weeks of the treatment， the hemoglobin of treatment group was increased when compared with control group（P<0.05）. The reticulocyte count of both treatment group and control group reached their peak after 4 weeks’ treatment， but the rising range of treatment group was higher than control group（P<0.01）， then declined slowly（P>0.05）. After 12 weeks of the treatment， the TCM syndrome of treatment group was increased when compared with control group（P<0.05）. The hemoglobin， reticulocyte count and TCM syndrome of two groups had all improved when compared between before and after the treatment in intra-group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The therapy of Jiajian Guipi decoction combined chalybeate had the curative effect on anemia of prematurity， which could be used as an efficient approach to treat anemia of prematurity.