Objective To investigate the influence of swelling ratio and the expression of cytokines in synovial cell of foot joint of MSU-induced rats with acute gouty arthritis of the gout one prescription， and to investigate the mechanism of the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. Methods Forty Wistar（40） male rates were randomly divided into 4 groups： the normal saline group， positive control group， group I of the gout one prescription and group Ⅱof the gout one prescription. The corresponding drugs were administered to each group， and 2 times a day， and 1.5 hours after filling the stomach in fifth day， the rats were injected into the Sodium uric acid cavity to form the model of acute gout arthritis in rats， and the swelling degree of the rats was measured at different times to observe the effect of the square on the swelling ratio of the joint； After 24 hours of injection of sodium， rats were executed and the effect of the expression of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in articular synovial cells was detected by RT-PCR. Results The gout one prescription can effectively inhibit the swelling of ankle joint in rats； Compared with the normal saline group， the expression of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA was significantly decreased. Conclusion The gout one prescription can inhibit the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the gouty arthritis and play an anti-inflammatory effect and it can reduce the pathological damage of the joints and inhibit the clinical course of arthritis effectively.