Objective To observe the effect of Huayu Tongluo Moxibustion on the treatment of subcortical vascular dementia（SVD） rats， and its effect on frontal subcortical inflammatory factors. Methods SVD rat models were established according to pulsinelli’s 4-vessel occlusion technique. The model rats were divided into 3 groups by the random digit table， i.e. ， the moxibustion group， the medicine group， and the model group. The sham-operaton group and normal group was also set up. In the moxibustion group rats was acupunctured at Baihui（GV20）， Dazhui（GV24）， and Shenting（GV14）. Donepezil was given to rats in the medicine group by gastrogavage. The above two groups were treated once a day for four weeks. The learning and memory results were observed by step-down avoidance test after treatment. The expressions of frontal subcortical TNF-α， IL-1β positive cells were detected using immunohistochemical assay. Results ① Statistical difference existed in the latent period， the error times of jumping experiment in the moxibustion group and the medicine group when compared with the model group（P<0.01， P<0.05）. The moxibustion group was better than the medicine group（P<0.01， P<0.05）. ② Expression differences of rats frontal subcortical TNF-α， IL-1β when compared the moxibustion group， medicine group with model group have statistical meaning. Also Expression differences of TNF-α， IL-1β when compared the moxibustion group with the medicine group have statistical meaning（P＜0.05）. Conclusion Using Huayu Tongluo Moxibustion to treat SVD may be acheived by restraining the appearance of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-1β to improve rats’ cognitive function.