Objective To study the preventive and therapeutic effect of Buqi Huoxue Tongluo on muscle atrophy after nerve anastomosis in rats. Methods SPF grade SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group， saline group， Methylcobalamin group and Buyang Huanwu Decoction group. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the course of the course of treatment （15 days/course of treatment） for gross observation and histological observation. Results The treatment of limb atrophy was significantly better than that of the normal saline group and the mecobalamin group. The gastrocnemius muscle of the saline group was progressive atrophy， And mecobalamin tablets in the 2 course of treatment atrophy is more obvious， and 4 courses of both muscle atrophy have changed；histological observation of 2， 4 treatment of Buyang Huanwu Decoction group of muscle fiber cross-sectional area was significantly greater than the cobalt The content of collagen fibers in the group of Buyang Huanwu Decoction and Mecobalamin Tablets was significantly less than that in the same period， and the collagen group Fiber content in 4 courses was significantly lower than 2 courses. Conclusion Qi and blood circulation method can obviously delay the muscle atrophy after nerve anastomosis and have therapeutic effect on the recovery of muscular atrophy.