Objective To observe the effects of Juanbilijieqinfang on Tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， Interleukin-6（IL-6）， Interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， cyclooxygenase-2（COX-2） and Transforming growth factor（TGF-β） expression levels in the knee joint synovium tissues， and explore the therapeutic mechanism of Juanbilijieqinfang in rats with monosodiumurate（MSU） crystals-induced gouty arthritis. Methods The rats were dividied into normal group， model group， Juanbilijieqinfang group， Eloricoxib group. Each group of 12. In addition to the control group， the remaining 3 groups were given on Local intra-articular injection of sodium urate gouty arthritis rat model knee， The normal group and model group were ig administered with normal saline；various treatment groups were ig administered with corresponding doses for continuous 2 days. The knee circumference was measured at different time points before and after modeling， and the knee swelling index was calculated. The levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， COX-2 and TGF-β in synovial tissue of rat knee were detected by ELISA. Results Data from our study showed that Compared with control group， The rat with gouty arthritis induced by MSU crystal demonstrated an elevation in TNF-α， IL-6， IL-1β， COX-2 in synovium tissues（P＜0.05）. While the content of TGF-β was significantly decreased（P<0.05）. And compared to Juanbilijieqinfang group， the rat knee swelling index in the model group was significantly lower（P<0.05）， and synovial tissue of inflammatory cytokines（TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6 and COX-2） were significantly lower than those in Juanbilijieqinfang group（P<0.05）， while the levels of anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β were significantly higher than those of Juanbilijieqinfang group（P<0.05）. Conclusion The mechanism of Juanbilijieqinfang can effectively eliminate the inflammatory swelling of knee joint in gouty arthritis rats. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6 and COX-2 in local tissue， while increasing the local tissue anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β content.