Objective By comparing the functional components of Dendrobium officinale from six areas to provide a theoretical basis for the further development of Dendrobium officinale and establishing a quality standard of industry. Methods Polysaccharide， D-mannitol， flavonoids， total saponins， total alkaloids， nucleosides and steroids in dry stems of Dendrobium officinale from different areas were detected by HPLC and UV experiments， and Q-cluster analysis was performed on 6 producing areas. Results Dendrobium officinale from Leqing of Zhejiang province has the relatively higher quality， the cluster diagram shows that the materials from Guandu district of Kunming and Guangnan county of Wenshan Prefecture has the nearest distance， and Yingjiang county of Dehong Prefecture is the farthest away from other producing areas. Conclusion Dendrobium officinale has many functional components and its potential is great， but the materials’ differences are obvious， and these are not related to the geographical location. It is speculated that germplasm resources and artificial breeding system have great influence， which indicates the need for uniform quality standard.