Objective This experiment is intended to explore effects of polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua on glycemia， survival rates and liver protection in streptozotocin（STZ） induced Ⅰ diabetes mice. Methods Type I diabetes was induced in female C57BL/6c mice by continuous intraperitoneal injection of STZ（70 mg·kg-1）. Mice was randomly divided into four groups：control， model， polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua of low-dose（450 mg·kg-1） and high group（900 mg·kg-1）. One week after the first injection of STZ， mice in each group were given corresponding drugs by gavage， with mice in control and model group dosaged with water. The survival rate， body weight and blood glucose of mice were measured. at the end of the experiment， liver was isolated and the histological changes were evaluated by HE staining. Gene expressions of IL-6， IL-1β， IRS-1 in the liver were detected by qPCR. Results Female C57BL/6c mice’s blood glucose rapidly increased one week after being injected with STZ（70 mg·kg-1） for 5 consecutive days. Hyperglycemia sharply increased the mortality of mice， which was significantly reversed by high dose of polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua. Besides， low and high dose of polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua（450-900 mg·kg-1） significantly increased the body weight of model mice to some extent. Polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua slightly but significantly reversed hyperglycemia in model mice. Histologically， liver damage of model mice was demonstrated with mononuclear inflammatory cells infiltration， hepatocyte cytoplasm and nuclear pyknosis. High dose of polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua can ameliorate these pathological changes such as inflammation， liver cell degeneration and liver structural loss of model mice. qPCR results confirmed that， compared with the model group， polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua could significantly reduce the levels of IL-6 and IL-1 beta mRNA and increase the levels of IRS-1 mRNA in the liver. Conclusion Polysaccharide of P.cyrtonema Hua significantly reduced the acute mortality of T1DM mice， which may be accounted by increase in body weight， blood glucose drop as well as hepatic protection.