Objective To observe the regulatory effect of Wugu Kirin ointment on Bcl-xl/Bak in infected wound tissue of rats， and to explore the apoptosis mechanism of Wugu Kirin ointment in promoting wound healing after anal fistula. Methods SD rats were selected and the other rats except the blank group were made into full-thickness skin defect model. The acute infected wounds were caused by drenching the fecal suspension of the rats. After successful establishment of the model， the basic situation， wound healing rate， new capillaries， apoptosis rate and Bcl-xl/Bak ratio in granulation tissue of each group were observed. Results In the first week after treatment， the basic condition of the rats in the experimental group was good， while that in the Jingwanhong group and the model group was not good， but there was no significant difference since then. On the 3rd， 7th and 11th day after treatment， the wound healing rate and apoptosis rate of the experimental group were higher than those of the model group， and the apoptosis rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the model group on the 15th day after treatment， and the ratio of Bcl-xl/Bak in the experimental group was lower than that of the model group. There was no significant difference between Jingwanhong group and low concentration group. Conclusion Wugu Kirin ointment can inhibit the excessive apoptosis of granulation tissue cells and promote the wound healing after anal fistula by reducing the ratio of Bcl-xl/Bak， and the high concentration group has the best effect.