Objective To observe the Effect of Fufang Shenlu Granule on TGF-β1， IL-2， IL-6， Treg cells， Th17 cells and related transcription factors of the patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Methods 40 patients with lower-risk MDS were randomly divided into treatment group and controlled group. Treatment group was treated with Fufang Shenlu Granule combined with conventional medicine therapy， while the control group was only treated with conventional medicine therapy. Two groups were treated with one course（one course is 6 months）. We examined TGF-β1， IL-2， IL-6， Treg cells， Th17 cells， related transcription factors and related ratio after treatment. Results After treatment， TGF-β1， IL-2/IL-6， Treg cells and Treg/Th17 cells， Foxp3 mRNA and the ratio of peripheral blood Foxp3/RoRγt mRNA of treatment group were higher than those of controlled group（P<0.05）. IL-6 was lower than controlled group（P<0.05）. Conclusion Fufang Shenlu Granule can abjust Treg cells， the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and Foxp3 mRNA and Foxp3/RoRγt mRNA the patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes by TGF-β1， IL-6， and IL-2/IL-6. The mechanism on the treatment efficiency of Fufang Shenlu Granule is associated with Immune dysregulation.