Objective To further explain the molecular mechanism of Jiangan Xiaozhi Recipe in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), by investigating the fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose and liver lipid deposition in animal models and calculating insulin resistance(IR) related indicators, and observing the differences of related mRNA expression profiles by using gene chip technology. Methods NAFLD rat models were reproduced with high-sugar and high-fat diet. After successful establishment, the models were divided into treatment group (Z group) and model group (M group)，according to random number table. Group Z was given Jiangan Xiaozhi Recipe orally once a day for 60 consecutive days according to the dosage of 10.86 g/kg. Group M was given distilled water of equal volume once a day for 60 consecutive days. Fasting insulin and fasting blood glucose levels were measured after intervention. Insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Liver pathological sections were stained to observe liver lipid deposition. Gene chip technology was used to analyze the different expressions of related mRNA in experimental animals' livers. Results Compared with group M, fasting insulin level of rats in group Z decreased significantly(P<0.05), insulin sensitivity increased significantly (P<0.05), HOMA-IR decreased significantly(P<0.05), and liver lipid deposition improved significantly(P<0.05). There were significant differences in liver gene expression between the two groups(P<0.05), including 52 up-regulated genes and 13 down-regulated genes. The results of pathway enrichment in the first ten rankings can be obtained. The results of molecular function enrichment can be obtained by GO enrichment. The biological process enrichment of GO in the first ten rankings and cell component enrichment of two GO cells can be obtained by GO enrichment. Conclusion Its molecular mechanism may be that Jiangan Xiaozhi Recipe can effect vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ,meanwhile adjusted interferon regulatory factor 7(IRF7), GO:0016597 of GO molecular function and GO:0006952 of GO biological process. At the same time, Jiangan Xiaozhi Recipe may have an effect on liver fibrosis and hepatitis C virus at the molecular level.