Objective By studying the trend of Yanyanxiao Mixture on the expression of TGF-β1 protein in the pharyngeal tissue of chronic pharyngitis（CP） rat models, to clarify and further study the mechanism of Yanyanxiao Mixture repairing the mucosa of CP model rats and the pathogenesis of CP. Methods Forty-five SD rats were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups: standard CP model group, treatment group, and blank control group. After successful model established, treatment by Yanyanxiao Mixture for 15 days, immunohistochemical detection of mucosal tissue pathological sections of rats in each group, and Q-PCR detection of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA expression in different groups. Results Pathological examination showed that compared with the standard CP model group and the treatment group, the number of local pharyngeal mucosal inflammatory cells was reduced, and the vascular permeability was significantly reduced. The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA in the model group and the treatment group was higher than that of the blank group. After treatment with “Yanyanxiao Mixture”, The expression of TGF-β1 and Smad3 mRNA in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the model group. Conclusion Yanyanxiao Mixture has a regulatory effect on the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway in the pharyngeal mucosa of rat model of CP, and could interfered the tissue fibrosis and inflammatory changes of the pharyngeal mucosa, confirmed the effectiveness of the Mixture in the treatment of CP.