Objective In this retrospective study, the correlation between pathological type, primary lesion location and metastatic lesion of lung cancer and TCM syndromes was studied. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the data of 185 cases of primary lung cancer,and Chi-square test was performed on the pathological type, primary lesion location, metastatic lesion location and TCM syndromes of those cases. Results Lung adenocarcinoma is more likely to have phlegm heat stagnation lung syndrome, but less likely to have lung Qi deficiency syndrome, the differences are statistically significant. The primary tumor of lung cancer showed more tendency of phlegm-heat stagnation lung syndrome in the right side than in the left side, but the difference was not statistically significant .There was a positive correlation trend between lung cancer with pericardial metastasis and Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and the difference was not statistically significant .There was a positive correlation between primary lung cancer with brain metastasis and lung Qi deficiency syndrome, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The pathological type and location of primary lung cancer have certain correlation with TCM syndromes. The syndrome type has a clinical suggestive effect on lung cancer combined with metastasis.