Objective To explore the mechanism of Shixiao Powder in treating primary dysmenorrhea based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM databases combined with OB, DL and HL were used to retrieve the chemical components and targets of Pollen Typhae and Faeces Trogopterpri in Shixiao Powder. The targets were corrected to gene name through Uniprot database, and the Genecards database was used to obtain the relevant targets and genes of primary dysmenorrhea. With the help of Cytoscape3.6.1 software, the compound target interaction diagram was constructed，the drug target and primary dysmenorrhea target were analyzed by using VENNY map, and the common target of the two are screened out. Using STRING database to construct protein Interaction Network Diagram(PPI). Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out on key targets through David database. Results 12 main components of Shixiao Powder in treating primary dysmenorrhea were screened out. The most important compounds are quercetin and kaempferol. 43 targets were related to primary dysmenorrhea, and 10 were key targets. The main targets are IL-6, TNF, PTGS2, TP53, VEGFA. The 10 key targets mainly involved in biological processes such as cell response to hypoxia, positive regulation of peptide serine phosphorylation, inflammatory response, positive regulation of NF-κB, etc. They participated in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea through tumor necrosis factor signal pathway, NOD-like receptor signal pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusion This study explored the possible mechanism of Shixiao Powder in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea from multiple perspectives, revealing that Shixiao Powder acts through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway on primary dysmenorrhea. laying foundation for its clinicl and pharmacology study.