Objective Based on the Nrf2 signal pathway to study the effect of Erxian Jiedu Recipe on the sperm microenvironment of rats with asthenospermia and its possible mechanism. Methods The ornidazole method was used to construct a mature male rat model of asthenospermia, which was randomly divided into model group, Erxian Jiedufang low-dose group, Erxianjiedufang medium-dose group, Erxianjiedufang high-dose group, and L-carnitine In each group, 12 rats in each group. After continuous gastric administration for 4 weeks, the sperm concentration, sperm motility, related oxidative stress indicators, Nrf2 protein expression and mRNA expression in the rat testis and epididymis were detected in each group. Results Erxian Jiedu Decoction can enhance sperm motility in rats with asthenospermia. The higher the dose, the more significant the changes in oxidative stress indicators. The high-dose Erxian Jiedu Decoction can restore the semen antioxidant capacity of the model group to Normal rat level; Erxian Jiedu Decoction can promote Nrf2 gene transcription and protein expression in rat epididymis and testis tissues. Conclusion Erxian Jiedu Recipe does improve sperm motility. Its possible mechanism is to improve the oxidative stress state of semen in asthenospermia rats by inducing up-regulation of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in germ cells, thereby improving sperm motility.