Objective To find out the potential molecular mechanisms and related molecular pathways of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction in the treatment of bacterial infections through the research method of network pharmacology, and to provide a theoretical basis for further research on Lanai Shuangxiang decoction. Methods The active ingredients and corresponding targets of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction were screened by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Data Analysis Platform(TCMSP), and the compound ingredients of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction were analyzed by Cytoscape software to construct a“single drug-active ingredient-target” network of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction for the treatment of bacterial infections. The target data were imported into jvenn to make a Wayne diagram, imported into String platform to obtain PPI, imported into Metascape to perform GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the targets of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction for the treatment of bacterial infections, and based on the KEGG enrichment obtained, the relevant bubble maps were drawn. The KEGG pathway analysis was imported into Cytoscape software to construct the “target pathway” network. Results ①A total of 110 active ingredients and 1788 action targets were obtained from the screening of Lanai Shuangxiang decoction. The key targets included peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor A, tumor necrosis factor and epidermal growth factor receptor, etc.; ②1 442 targets related to bacterial infection; ③97 proteins in the core network of protein interactions, and 4 protein modules were analyzed; ④2 401 GO biological processes were obtained. KEGG pathway enrichment screening obtained 324 related signaling pathways, pathway types including pathways of cancer, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, hepatitis B, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, small cell lung cancer, leishmaniasis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, legionellosis, etc., which are all related to the development of bacterial infection; ⑤ The results confirmed that Lanai Shuangxiang prescription may achieve the purpose of treating bacterial infection by regulating cell metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis, lipid metabolism and other pathways, which is the result of multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway interactions. Conclusion Lanai Shuangxiang decoction may have better efficacy in the treatment of bacterial infections complicated by the progression of cancer, diabetes and hepatitis B disease.