Objective The objective of this study is to observe the effect of lamp grass moxibustion therapy on the content of glutamic acid (Glu) and γ -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in brain homoplasm of young rats with febrile convulsion and to observe its possible mechanism. Methods Forty healthy SD young rats were randomly divided into model group, control group, diazepan group, lamp grass moxibustion group and diazepan and lamp grass moxibustion group. The rat models of febrile convulsion were made according to literature methods. The content of Glu GABA in brain cortex of rats in each group was detected. Results Compared with control group, Glu content in cerebral cortex of model group was significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the content of Glu in the cerebral cortex of the rats in the diazepan group and the diazepan and lamp grass moxibustion group significantly decreased(P<0.01), and there was no significant difference between the model group and the lamp grass moxibustion group(P>0.05). There was no significant difference between the diazepan group, lamp grass moxibustion group and diazepan and lamp grass moxibustion group (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between the diazepan and lamp grass moxibustion group and the diazepan group(P<0.05), There was extremely significant difference between the diazepan and lamp grass moxibustion group and diazepan group(P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the content of GABA in cerebral cortex of model group significantly decreased(P<0.01). There was a significant difference between model group and diazepan group(P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the diazepan group and the lampgras moxibustion group(P>0.05). There was a difference between the diazepan group and the lamp grass moxibustion group(P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the lamp grass moxibustion group and the lamp grass moxibustion group(P<0.01). Conclusion The expression levels of Glu and GABA in cerebral cortex of rats with febrile convulsion can be regulated by the lamp grass moxibustion.