Objective Based on data mining and network pharmacology, to explore the molecular mechanism of the core drug pair containing an insect drug in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. Methods Through literature search, the database of prescriptions containing insect drug for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children was established. The core drug pairs of prescriptions containing an insect drug were obtained by using Ancient and Modern Medical Record Cloud Platform, and the molecular mechanism of the core drug pair was analyzed by using the network pharmacology method. Results A total of 89 prescriptions and 156 drugs were included in the study, and Magnoliae flos-Cicada slough is the core drug pair in treating allergic rhinitis on children. Eighteen active components and 52 potential targets of core drug pairs were screened, 1 954 targets related to allergic rhinitis were screened, and 11 common targets of drug pairs and diseases were obtained, in which 10 core targets were mainly enriched in 16 biological processes and 9 signaling pathways, including G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathways, and so on. Conclusion Magnoliae flos-Cicada slough is the core drug pair containing an insect drug in the treatment of allergic rhinitis in children. It may act on CHRM5, ALOX5, ADRB2, PTGS1 and other core genes through galgravin, (2S,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyltetrahydrofuran, denudanolide A, isodihydrofutoquinol A and other active components, thus affecting G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway, serotonin receptor activity, calcium signaling pathway and other signal pathways, which playing the role of anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and immune regulation. The mechanisms are characterized by multi-component, multi target, and multi pathway.