Asthenozoospermia is one of the important causes of male infertility, which seriously affects male reproductive health. Traditional Chinese medicine has obvious characteristics and significant therapeutic effects in treating asthenozoospermia. The theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of asthenozoospermia is solid, and at the same time, combined with the characteristics of modern etiology and pathogenesis changes, a theoretical system has been formed from multiple angles, levels, and dimensions, from the whole to the local, and from the macro to the micro. This article analyzes the literature on the treatment of asthenozoospermia with traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, summarizes and summarizes the theoretical system of the treatment of asthenozoospermia with traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide guidance for clinical treatment.