Objective To apply ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) to establish a method for the simultaneous determination of taxifolin and quercetin in Polygoni Orientalis Fructus. Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column with the gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid in water as the mobile phase, the column temperature was 25 ℃, the detection wavelength was 290 nm, the flow rate was 0.2 mL·min-1, and the injection volume was 1 μL. Results The established analytical method has been examined and found to be satisfactory. Taxifolin and quercetin exhibited a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 3.258 to 104.272 μg·mL-1 and 2.983 to 95.452 μg·mL-1, respectively, with a correlation coefficient(r2 = 0.9999) . The average recovery rates of the spiked samples were 98.8% and 98.8%, with relative standard deviation(RSD) values of 1.9% and 2.2%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, and can determine the contents of taxifolin and quercetin at the same wavelength, which can provide a reference basis for the quality control of Polygoni Orientalis Fructus.