Objective Combined with the actuality of TCM health education in primary and secondary schools in Kunming， Yunnan， to understand the situation of primary and secondary school students‘ knowledge and demand for TCM， and to explore the popularization program of TCM culture in schools. Methods offline questionnaire survey method， the survey includes general situation， the degree of understanding of TCM culture， the degree of interest in TCM culture， the degree of interest in TCM culture， the degree of recognition of TCM culture， the exposure pathway， and the demand for popularization of TCM content， and use SPSS 26.0 statistical software to analyze the data of the recovered questionnaires. Results A total of 315 valid questionnaires were collected in this survey. All three stages of primary and secondary schools had a low level of understanding of Chinese medicine， but elementary school had a higher level of interest in Chinese medicine， and senior high schools had a higher level of recognition of Chinese medicine; the exposure pathways to Chinese medicine were mainly based on after-school interest classes for primary school students， and online platforms， such as short-video software and TV programs， for secondary school students; the most popular learning methods that primary and secondary school students wished to receive were short-video popularization of science(71)， and the most popularization needs for the content of Chinese medicine (71). The most desired learning method for primary and secondary school students is short video popularization (71.7%); meanwhile， the demand for popularization of TCM is different among the three stages of students， elementary school students always preferred the usage of traditional Chinese medicine， secondary school students preferred the management of emotions， and the most preferred content of popularization of TCM in general is the prevention of diseases(80.6%). Conclusion Kunming primary and secondary school students have a poor understanding of TCM， elementary school students have a higher degree of favoritism， secondary school students have a higher degree of recognition， should be combined with the various stages of exposure to TCM via， we should be based on the different stages of children and adolescents in the implementation of the process of the need for sub-stratified， stratified， sustained， and active promotion of the culture of traditional Chinese medicine into the campus， to convey the core connotations of the culture of traditional Chinese medicine， to build the cultural self-confidence of the young people.