Paediatric pneumonia is one of the common diseases of the respiratory system in paediatrics, which is clinically manifested by fever, cough, sputum, shortness of breath, dyspnoea and fixed wet rales in the lungs. The treatment of paediatric pneumonia is currently a hot issue in paediatric clinical research, and new progress has been made in its prevention and treatment in recent years. In this paper, we summarise the basic internal and external treatments for paediatric pneumonia with reference to the application of internal and external treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with a view to providing certain theoretical references for the clinical treatment of paediatric pneumonia in TCM.