Objective To systematically evaluate the impact and safety of Chinese traditional fitness exercise-Baduanjin on human mental health. Methods The database of CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、Embase、Pubmed、Cochrane Library、EBSCO、Web of Science was searched by computer, and the manual retrieval of the journals in the university library was carried out to incorporate the randomized controlled study of the effects of Baduanjin exercise on human mental health(RCT). The time limit for the search is to build the library until July 2024. Methodological quality evaluation of literature screening, data extraction and inclusion studies was independently performed by two investigators, and Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results A total of 6 RCTs were included, with a total of 754 samples. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that after receiving the intervention of Baduanjin exercise, ① in the reduction of anxiety self-rating scale(SAS) score(WMD=-7.25, 95%CI[-14.60, 0.10], P=0.05), symptom self-rating scale(SCL-90) scores(WMD= -0.13, 95%CI[-0.21, -0.06], P=0.000 5) and depression self-rating scale(SDS) scores(WMD=-8.86, 95%CI[-12.80, -4.92], P<0.000 1) were superior to the control group; ② in reducing the Concise State of Mind Status Scale(POMS) score(WMD= -1.40, 95%CI[-6.00, -3.20], P=0.55), Compared with the control group, the difference was not statistically significant; ③ in the study, no adverse events related to Baduanjin exercise were found. Conclusion Baduanjin exercise has a positive effect on improving anxiety, depression and mental health symptoms, and no related adverse reactions. In view of the small number of documents included and the low quality of the literature, it is necessary to design a rigorous, high-quality, large-sample clinical study to verify.