Objective Exploring the optimal extraction process of total alkaloids from Veratrum mengtzeanum Loes. Methods Taking the total alkaloid content of V. mengtzeanum Loes. measured by acid dye colorimetry as the index, based on five single factor tests of pulverization degree, liquid-solid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction times, Plackett-Burman(PB) test design was used to screen the significant factors affecting the extraction amount of total alkaloid. The Box-Behnken design(BBD) was used to optimize the significant factors affecting the extraction process, the multiple linear regression and binomial fitting were performed on the experimental data, and the effect surface method was used to predict and analyze the optimal extraction process. Results The optimized extraction process was as follows: grinding degree 3 sieve, liquid-solid ratio 40 mL/g, temperature 70.0 ℃, extraction for 2 hours, extraction for 3 times. Under this optimal process, the theoretical yield of total alkaloids in V. mengtzeanum Loes. is 4.71%, while the actual yield is 4.47%. The measured values are basically consistent with the predicted values. Conclusion The optimized extraction process of total alkaloids from V. mengtzeanum Loes. is reasonable, which can provide reference for its subsequent application research.