Objective In order to solve the contradiction between the sharp increase in market demand and the increasing shortage of wild medicinal resources, and to investigate the influence of ecological environmental factors on the content of dioscin and heavy metals in Dioscorea collettii Hook.f. Methods SPSS 27.0 software was used to conduct correlation analysis on ecological environmental factors such as soil pH value, organic carbon content, and climate factors in different production areas, combined with the content of medicinal herbs such as dioscin and heavy metals. Results There were significant differences between contents of dioscin and heavy metals in the medicinal Dioscorea collettii Hook.f from different production areas, but the contents were not significantly correlated with soil and climate factors. Conclusion Differences exist between the contents of dioscin in Dioscorea collettii Hook.f plants from different geographical origins. Content of dioscin can be used as an indicator for evaluating its efficacy and quality. Jiuzibulimu plants from Jiangchuan are more suitable forthe standardized planting.