Heatstroke is one of the more common exogenous febrile diseases in the Yunnan Plateau region. Lan Mao, in his work Yimen Lan Yao: Syndrome of Heatstroke, proposed a relatively unique theory for the differentiation and treatment of heatstroke based on the characteristics of this disease in the Yunnan region. To explore the unique features of Lan Mao‘s medical theory on the differentiation and treatment of heatstroke, this paper takes Revised Yimen Lan Yao: Syndrome of Heatstroke as the basis and investigates the etiology and pathogenesis of heatstroke, its classification and differentiation, therapeutic methods and prescriptions, pattern identification and treatment, as well as the principles and characteristics of formula composition in the treatment of heatstroke. This research provides important reference for the clinical differentiation and treatment of heatstroke in the Yunnan Plateau region.