Obesity is one of the largest chronic diseases in adults, which can easily cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Acupuncture has a good clinical effect on the treatment of obesity. The content of this article aims to explore the theoretical basis and clinical ideas of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy in the treatment of obesity through the study of the classic literature of traditional Chinese medicine Huangdi Neijing. Firstly, starting from the theoretical system of Huangdi Neijing, this paper analyzes the pathological mechanism of obesity in traditional Chinese medicine, including improper diet, emotional disorders, congenital endowments, aging, work and rest disorders, etc, and involves phlegm, dampness, blood stasis, heat and other pathological factors. Based on this, the theoretical basis of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of obesity was analyzed, so as to explore the selection of acupoints, acupuncture tools, acupuncture reinforcing and reducing techniques, acupuncture depth and acupuncture methods in clinical treatment. The aim is to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for acupuncture treatment of obesity.