Objective To investigate the Chinese herbal medicines used for treating Lung Abscess in classical materia medica and provide guidance for clinical applications. Methods The materia medica texts in the Chinese Medical Code database were systematically reviewed. Herbal medicines were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their properties, flavors, and meridian tropism were analyzed according to the Pharmacopoeia of the People‘s Republic of China(2020 Edition). The herbs were categorized based on their primary therapeutic effects, and their characteristics in treating Lung Abscess were further examined using relevant descriptions from the classical texts. Results A total of 24 Chinese herbal medicines were included, derived from 45 classical materia medica texts. The herbs were predominantly cold, slightly cold, or neutral in nature, with sweet and bitter flavors, and primarily associated with the lung meridian. Based on therapeutic effects, they were classified into five categories: phlegm-reducing, heat-clearing, blood-activating, deficiency-tonifying, and pus-draining and detoxifying herbs. Conclusion The treatment of Lung Abscess mainly involves five categories of Chinese herbal medicines: phlegm-reducing, heat-clearing, blood-activating, deficiency-tonifying, and pus-draining and detoxifying herbs. These classifications align with the pathogenesis of Lung Abscess, involving phlegm, heat, blood stasis, and deficiency. Clinicians can select appropriate herbs based on specific disease conditions and the characteristics of the medicines.