Cerebrovascular disease has a high incidence in the world, and the latest research shows that the effect mechanism of Chinese medicine against cerebrovascular disease may be related to iron death. It is found that iron deposition in the process of iron death is compatible with the blood vessel theory of Chinese medicine, and iron deposition in the blood vessels of the brain lays the foundation of cerebrovascular disease, and based on the blood vessel theory, Chinese medicine reduces the effect of iron death by activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Therefore, this paper discusses the relationship between blood vessel theory, iron death and cerebrovascular disease, in order to analyze the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease and to provide new ideas for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease by traditional Chinese medicine.