Emerging major epidemics caused by respiratory viral infections have become an important public health problem in modern society. The article fully considers the interaction between "virus, population and environment", proposes "virus-population-environment" to comprehensively summarize the impact of respiratory viruses on different populations in different environments, and emphasizes the organic combination of Wei Qi, Ying Blood, San Jiao, and truncated pathogen identification in the diagnosis and treatment of epidemics. In the process of diagnosis and treatment of epidemic diseases, it emphasizes the organic combination of Wei Qi, Ying Blood, San Jiao, and truncated pathogen identification, and precisely formulates treatment principles and methods accordingly. On this basis, four major prescriptions were created and widely used in clinical practice, which have shown good therapeutic efficacy and their mechanism of action has been further verified through corresponding pharmacodynamic evaluations. For the specific treatment of epidemics, we advocate the medication strategies of "use the right medicine for the right disease", "use the right medicine at the earliest possible time for the right dose" and "reduce the medicine when the disease is in the middle", and finally, we have innovatively constructed a three-dimensional view of identification and a multidimensional view of medication. Finally, we have innovatively constructed a TCM prevention and treatment system for epidemic diseases that integrates the three-dimensional view of identification and the multidimensional view of medication, which has broadened our thinking for the formulation of epidemic prevention and treatment programs.