Objective Panax notoginseng is widely cultivated in Yunnan and Guangxi due to its significant medicinal value. However, research on dsRNA viruses infecting P. notoginseng remains limited. This study aimed to identify a novel dsRNA virus infecting P. notoginseng, characterize its genomic features, classify it taxonomically, and assess its prevalence in P. notoginseng cultivation areas. Methods High-throughput transcriptome sequencing was performed on diseased P. notoginseng samples to screen for viral sequences. The target virus was validated via RT-PCR, and its complete genome was cloned. Open reading frames(ORFs) were predicted using ORF Finder, and conserved domains of the encoded proteins (Coat protein， CP and RNA-dependent RNA pdymerase，RdRp) were analyzed. The virus was classified through BLAST alignment against the GenBank database, and phylogenetic trees were constructed based on RdRp amino acid sequences to determine evolutionary relationships. Results A dsRNA virus was identified from transcriptome data. Genomic analysis revealed two ORFs encoding the capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp), exhibiting typical genomic features of the genus Totivirus (family Totiviridae). The CP and RdRp sequences showed the highest amino acid similarity(99.74% and 100%, respectively) to the Panax notoginseng virus B isolate YNSL1212 in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp sequences placed PnVB-WSPnV207 within the same clade as other Totivirus members. According to ICTV classification criteria, Panax notoginseng virus B represents a novel species in the genus Totivirus, and the isolate in this study was provisionally named PnVB-WSPnV207. RT-PCR detection indicated a 36.67% infection rate, confirming its widespread presence in P. notoginseng. Conclusion This study is the first to identify a novel Totivirus member, PnVB-WSPnV207, infecting P. notoginseng, with typical genomic features of the genus Totivirus. Field surveys revealed a high prevalence (36.67%), highlighting the need for further research on its pathogenicity and transmission mechanisms to support disease control strategies in P. notoginseng cultivation.